/*
 * Journal of Intelligent Engineering Systems
 * Academic publishing interface layer for OJS 3.5
 */

:root {
    --jies-navy-950: #071f33;
    --jies-navy-900: #0b2f4f;
    --jies-navy-800: #103f68;
    --jies-blue-700: #175f91;
    --jies-blue-600: #1f72aa;
    --jies-ink: #1f2f3d;
    --jies-muted: #596c7b;
    --jies-soft: #f4f7f9;
    --jies-soft-blue: #edf4f8;
    --jies-border: #dce5eb;
    --jies-border-dark: #bdcbd5;
    --jies-white: #ffffff;
    --jies-serif: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif;
    --jies-sans: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
    --jies-content: 1220px;
    --jies-reading: 820px;
    --jies-radius: 4px;
}

html {
    color: var(--jies-ink);
    font-size: 16px;
    scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

*,
*::before,
*::after {
    box-sizing: border-box;
}

body {
    margin: 0;
    background: var(--jies-white);
    color: var(--jies-ink);
    font-family: var(--jies-sans);
    font-size: 1rem;
    line-height: 1.7;
    text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}

img {
    height: auto;
    max-width: 100%;
}

a {
    color: var(--jies-blue-700);
    text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
    text-underline-offset: 0.2em;
}

a:hover,
a:focus-visible {
    color: var(--jies-navy-950);
}

a:focus-visible,
button:focus-visible,
input:focus-visible,
select:focus-visible,
textarea:focus-visible,
[tabindex]:focus-visible {
    outline: 3px solid #f0b84a;
    outline-offset: 3px;
}

p,
ul,
ol,
dl,
blockquote {
    margin-top: 0;
}

h1,
h2,
h3,
h4,
h5,
h6 {
    color: var(--jies-navy-950);
    font-family: var(--jies-serif);
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: -0.015em;
    line-height: 1.22;
}

h1 {
    font-size: clamp(2.2rem, 4vw, 3.25rem);
    margin: 0 0 1.25rem;
}

h2 {
    font-size: clamp(1.65rem, 2.6vw, 2.15rem);
}

h3 {
    font-size: 1.3rem;
}

hr {
    border: 0;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--jies-border);
}

/* OJS layout reset and content frame */
.pkp_structure_page {
    background: var(--jies-white);
    margin: 0;
    max-width: none;
    min-height: 100vh;
    padding: 0;
    width: 100%;
}

.pkp_structure_content {
    display: flex;
    gap: 4rem;
    margin: 0 auto;
    max-width: var(--jies-content);
    padding: 0;
    width: calc(100% - 4rem);
}

.pkp_structure_content::before,
.pkp_structure_content::after {
    content: none;
    display: none;
}

.pkp_structure_main::before,
.pkp_structure_main::after {
    content: none;
    display: none;
}

.pkp_structure_main {
    border: 0;
    float: none;
    min-width: 0;
    padding: 3rem 0 4.5rem;
    width: 100%;
}

.pkp_structure_main:first-child:last-child {
    margin: 0;
    max-width: none;
}

.pkp_structure_content.has_sidebar .pkp_structure_main {
    flex: 1 1 auto;
    width: auto;
}

.pkp_structure_sidebar {
    border: 0;
    float: none;
    flex: 0 0 260px;
    padding: 3.5rem 0 5rem;
    width: 260px;
}

.page {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

.page > h1 {
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--jies-border);
    margin: 0 0 2rem;
    padding: 0 0 1.3rem;
}

.cmp_breadcrumbs {
    color: var(--jies-muted);
    font-size: 0.82rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.04em;
    margin: 0 0 1.25rem;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.cmp_breadcrumbs a {
    color: var(--jies-muted);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.cmp_breadcrumbs a:hover,
.cmp_breadcrumbs a:focus-visible {
    color: var(--jies-blue-700);
    text-decoration: underline;
}

/* Header: journal identity, utilities, then primary navigation */
.pkp_structure_head {
    background: var(--jies-white);
    border: 0;
    box-shadow: none;
    left: 0;
    position: relative;
    top: 0;
    width: 100%;
    z-index: 100;
}

.pkp_head_wrapper {
    margin: 0 auto;
    max-width: var(--jies-content);
    padding-left: 0;
    padding-right: 0;
    position: relative;
    width: calc(100% - 4rem);
}

.jies_masthead {
    background: var(--jies-white);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--jies-border);
}

.jies_masthead_inner {
    align-items: center;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    min-height: 72px;
    padding-bottom: 0;
    padding-top: 0;
}

.pkp_site_name_wrapper {
    align-items: center;
    display: flex;
    min-width: 0;
    width: auto;
}

.pkp_site_name {
    line-height: 1.15;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    text-align: left;
}

.pkp_site_name .is_text {
    color: var(--jies-navy-950);
    display: block;
    font-family: var(--jies-serif);
    font-size: clamp(1.35rem, 1.8vw, 1.56rem);
    font-weight: 650;
    letter-spacing: -0.015em;
    line-height: 1.2;
    max-width: 790px;
    padding: 0;
    text-decoration: none;
    text-transform: none;
    text-overflow: clip;
    white-space: normal;
}

.pkp_site_name .is_text:hover,
.pkp_site_name .is_text:focus-visible {
    color: var(--jies-blue-700);
}

.pkp_site_name .is_img {
    display: inline-flex;
    padding: 0;
}

.pkp_site_name .is_img img {
    max-height: 66px;
    max-width: min(620px, 64vw);
    object-fit: contain;
    object-position: left center;
}

.jies_utility {
    align-items: center;
    display: flex;
    flex: 0 0 auto;
    gap: 1.25rem;
    margin-left: 2rem;
    margin-right: 11rem;
}

.jies_utility_search {
    align-items: center;
    color: var(--jies-muted);
    display: inline-flex;
    font-size: 0.8125rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    gap: 0.45rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.025em;
    text-decoration: none;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.pkp_navigation_user_wrapper {
    left: auto;
    position: absolute;
    right: 0;
    top: -49px;
    transform: none;
    width: auto;
}

.pkp_navigation_user {
    align-items: center;
    display: flex;
    gap: 1.1rem;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    width: auto;
}

.pkp_navigation_user > li {
    margin: 0;
}

.pkp_navigation_user > li > a {
    color: var(--jies-muted);
    font-size: 0.8125rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.025em;
    padding: 0;
    text-decoration: none;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.pkp_navigation_user > li > a:hover,
.pkp_navigation_user > li > a:focus-visible {
    color: var(--jies-blue-700);
}

.pkp_site_nav_menu {
    background: var(--jies-navy-900);
    border: 0;
    box-shadow: none;
    padding: 0;
    position: relative;
}

.jies_primary_inner {
    align-items: center;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    min-height: 52px;
    padding-bottom: 0;
    padding-top: 0;
    position: relative;
}

.pkp_navigation_primary_row,
.pkp_navigation_primary_wrapper {
    align-items: stretch;
    display: flex;
    flex: 1 1 auto;
    height: 52px;
    margin: 0;
    max-width: none;
    min-width: 0;
    padding: 0;
    width: auto;
}

.pkp_navigation_primary {
    align-items: stretch;
    display: flex;
    height: 52px;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

.pkp_navigation_primary > li {
    align-items: stretch;
    display: flex;
    height: 100%;
    margin: 0;
    position: relative;
}

.pkp_navigation_primary > li > a {
    align-items: center;
    border: 0;
    color: #eef5fa;
    display: flex;
    font-size: 0.8125rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    height: 100%;
    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
    line-height: 1;
    margin: 0;
    min-height: 0;
    padding: 0 18px;
    text-decoration: none;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.pkp_navigation_primary > li::after {
    background: #8fc4e5;
    bottom: 0;
    content: "";
    height: 2px;
    left: 18px;
    opacity: 0;
    pointer-events: none;
    position: absolute;
    right: 18px;
}

.pkp_navigation_primary > li > a:hover,
.pkp_navigation_primary > li > a:focus-visible {
    background: transparent;
    border-bottom: 0;
    color: var(--jies-white);
}

.pkp_navigation_primary > li:hover::after,
.pkp_navigation_primary > li:focus-within::after,
.pkp_navigation_primary > li.is_active::after {
    opacity: 1;
}

.pkp_navigation_primary ul {
    background: var(--jies-white);
    border: 1px solid var(--jies-border);
    border-radius: 0;
    box-shadow: 0 12px 30px rgba(7, 31, 51, 0.14);
    margin: 0;
    min-width: 250px;
    padding: 0.5rem 0;
}

.pkp_navigation_primary ul a {
    color: var(--jies-ink);
    display: block;
    font-size: 0.92rem;
    padding: 0.65rem 1rem;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.pkp_navigation_primary ul a:hover,
.pkp_navigation_primary ul a:focus-visible {
    background: var(--jies-soft-blue);
    color: var(--jies-navy-950);
}

@media (min-width: 993px) {
    .pkp_site_nav_menu .pkp_navigation_primary > li > ul {
        left: 0;
        position: absolute;
        top: 100%;
        transform: none;
        z-index: 110;
    }
}

.jies_submit_link {
    align-items: center;
    align-self: center;
    background: var(--jies-white);
    border: 0;
    border-radius: 4px;
    color: var(--jies-navy-900);
    display: inline-flex;
    flex: 0 0 auto;
    font-size: 0.78125rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    height: 38px;
    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
    line-height: 1;
    margin-left: 1.5rem;
    min-height: 38px;
    padding: 0 1rem;
    text-decoration: none;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.pkp_site_nav_menu .jies_submit_link {
    align-items: center;
    background: var(--jies-white);
    border: 0;
    color: var(--jies-navy-900);
    display: inline-flex;
    justify-content: center;
    padding: 0 1rem;
}

.jies_submit_link:hover,
.jies_submit_link:focus-visible {
    background: var(--jies-soft-blue);
    color: var(--jies-navy-900);
}

.jies_mobile_search {
    display: none !important;
}

.pkp_site_nav_toggle {
    display: none;
}

/* Homepage */
.pkp_page_index .pkp_structure_content {
    display: block;
    margin: 0;
    max-width: none;
    padding: 0;
    width: 100%;
}

.pkp_page_index .pkp_structure_main {
    padding: 0;
}

.jies_hero {
    align-items: center;
    background: var(--jies-soft);
    display: grid;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #e6edf2;
    gap: clamp(5rem, 7vw, 6.875rem);
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.5fr) minmax(220px, 0.5fr);
    margin: 0;
    max-width: none;
    min-height: 500px;
    overflow: hidden;
    padding: 4rem max(2rem, calc((100vw - var(--jies-content)) / 2));
    position: relative;
}

.jies_hero::before {
    background: var(--jies-navy-900);
    content: "";
    height: 2px;
    left: max(2rem, calc((100vw - var(--jies-content)) / 2));
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    width: 88px;
}

.jies_hero_copy {
    max-width: 720px;
}

.jies_eyebrow {
    color: var(--jies-blue-700);
    font-size: 0.71875rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.12em;
    margin-bottom: 0.875rem;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.jies_hero h1 {
    color: var(--jies-navy-950);
    font-size: clamp(2.5rem, 3.8vw, 3.125rem);
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: -0.03em;
    line-height: 1.08;
    margin: 0 0 1.5rem;
    max-width: 720px;
}

.jies_hero_description {
    color: #405463;
    display: -webkit-box;
    font-size: 1rem;
    -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
    -webkit-line-clamp: 5;
    line-height: 1.68;
    max-width: 700px;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.jies_hero_description > :last-child,
.jies_footer_description > :last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.jies_hero_actions {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.75rem;
    margin-top: 1.5rem;
}

.jies_button,
.cmp_form button,
.cmp_form .submit button,
.cmp_form button.submit,
button.submit {
    align-items: center;
    border: 1px solid var(--jies-navy-900);
    border-radius: 4px;
    cursor: pointer;
    display: inline-flex;
    font-family: var(--jies-sans);
    font-size: 0.8125rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    justify-content: center;
    letter-spacing: 0.015em;
    line-height: 1;
    min-height: 44px;
    padding: 0 1.25rem;
    text-decoration: none;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.jies_button_primary,
.cmp_form button,
.cmp_form .submit button,
.cmp_form button.submit,
button.submit {
    background: var(--jies-navy-900);
    color: var(--jies-white);
}

.jies_button_primary:hover,
.jies_button_primary:focus-visible,
.cmp_form button:hover,
.cmp_form button:focus-visible,
button.submit:hover,
button.submit:focus-visible {
    background: #062f52;
    color: var(--jies-white);
}

.jies_button_secondary {
    background: var(--jies-white);
    border-color: #9fb3c2;
    color: var(--jies-navy-900);
}

.jies_button_secondary:hover,
.jies_button_secondary:focus-visible {
    background: #f6f9fb;
    border-color: var(--jies-navy-900);
    color: var(--jies-navy-950);
}

.jies_hero_visual {
    justify-self: end;
    max-width: 220px;
    position: relative;
    width: 100%;
}

.jies_hero_cover::before {
    content: none;
    display: none;
}

.jies_hero_visual a,
.jies_hero_visual img {
    display: block;
    position: relative;
    width: 100%;
    z-index: 1;
}

.jies_hero_visual img {
    border: 1px solid var(--jies-border);
    box-shadow: 0 8px 22px rgba(17, 42, 67, 0.08);
}

.jies_hero_mark {
    align-items: center;
    aspect-ratio: 3 / 4;
    background: var(--jies-navy-900);
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
}

.jies_hero_mark span {
    color: var(--jies-white);
    font-family: var(--jies-serif);
    font-size: 2.4rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
}

.page_index_journal > .cmp_announcements,
.page_index_journal > .current_issue,
.page_index_journal > .jies_about_home,
.page_index_journal > .additional_content,
.page_index_journal > .highlights_wrapper {
    margin-left: auto;
    margin-right: auto;
    max-width: var(--jies-content);
    padding-left: 0;
    padding-right: 0;
    width: calc(100% - 4rem);
}

.current_issue {
    border: 0;
    margin-top: 0;
    padding-bottom: 4.25rem;
    padding-top: 4.25rem;
}

.jies_section_heading {
    align-items: flex-end;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--jies-border-dark);
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    padding-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.jies_section_heading h2 {
    font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 2.5vw, 1.875rem);
    margin: 0 0 0.5rem;
}

.current_issue_series,
.current_issue_title {
    color: var(--jies-ink);
    font-size: 0.9375rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    margin: 0;
}

.current_issue_title {
    color: var(--jies-muted);
    font-weight: 500;
    margin-top: 0.15rem;
}

.current_issue_published {
    color: #607484;
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    margin-top: 0.65rem;
}

.current_issue_published span {
    color: var(--jies-ink);
    font-weight: 650;
}

.jies_text_link,
.current_issue .read_more {
    color: var(--jies-blue-700);
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.01em;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.jies_text_link:hover,
.jies_text_link:focus-visible,
.current_issue .read_more:hover,
.current_issue .read_more:focus-visible {
    color: var(--jies-navy-950);
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.page_index_journal .current_issue .obj_issue_toc > .heading {
    display: none;
}

.jies_about_home {
    border-top: 1px solid var(--jies-border);
    display: grid;
    gap: clamp(2rem, 6vw, 6rem);
    grid-template-columns: minmax(220px, 0.52fr) minmax(0, 1.25fr);
    padding-bottom: 5.5rem;
    padding-top: 5.5rem;
}

.jies_about_home h2 {
    margin: 0;
}

.jies_about_content {
    color: #405463;
    font-size: 1.03rem;
    max-width: 820px;
}

.jies_about_content .jies_text_link {
    display: inline-block;
    margin-top: 1rem;
}

.additional_content {
    border-top: 1px solid var(--jies-border);
    padding-bottom: 4rem;
    padding-top: 4rem;
}

/* Issue tables of contents and article summaries */
.obj_issue_toc .heading {
    align-items: flex-start;
    display: flex;
    gap: 2.2rem;
    margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
}

.obj_issue_toc .heading .cover {
    flex: 0 0 210px;
    margin: 0;
    width: 210px;
}

.obj_issue_toc .heading .cover img {
    border: 1px solid var(--jies-border);
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
}

.obj_issue_toc .heading .description {
    color: var(--jies-muted);
    flex: 1 1 auto;
    font-size: 1rem;
    line-height: 1.75;
}

.obj_issue_toc .galleys {
    border: 1px solid var(--jies-border);
    margin: 0 0 2rem;
    padding: 1.25rem;
}

.obj_issue_toc .sections {
    margin-top: 1rem;
}

.page_index_journal .current_issue .obj_issue_toc .sections {
    margin-top: 0;
}

.obj_issue_toc .section {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

.obj_issue_toc .section > h2,
.obj_issue_toc .section > h3 {
    background: var(--jies-soft);
    border-left: 3px solid var(--jies-blue-700);
    font-family: var(--jies-sans);
    font-size: 0.82rem;
    font-weight: 750;
    letter-spacing: 0.09em;
    margin: 2rem 0 0;
    padding: 0.78rem 1rem;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.page_index_journal .current_issue .obj_issue_toc .section > h3 {
    background: transparent;
    border: 0;
    color: #536b7c;
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.1em;
    margin: 0 0 0.25rem;
    padding: 0;
}

.page_index_journal .current_issue .obj_issue_toc .section > h3::before {
    border-top: 2px solid var(--jies-navy-900);
    content: "";
    display: block;
    margin-bottom: 0.875rem;
    width: 40px;
}

.cmp_article_list,
.cmp_article_list > li,
.search_results,
.search_results > li,
.issues_archive,
.issues_archive > li {
    list-style: none;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

.obj_article_summary {
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--jies-border);
    padding: 1.75rem 0 1.875rem;
    position: relative;
}

.obj_article_summary .title {
    font-family: var(--jies-serif);
    font-size: clamp(1.375rem, 2vw, 1.5rem);
    line-height: 1.3;
    margin: 0 0 0.625rem;
    max-width: 880px;
}

.obj_article_summary .title a {
    color: var(--jies-navy-950);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.obj_article_summary .title a:hover,
.obj_article_summary .title a:focus-visible {
    color: var(--jies-blue-700);
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.obj_article_summary .subtitle {
    color: var(--jies-muted);
    display: block;
    font-size: 0.95em;
    font-style: italic;
    margin-top: 0.25rem;
}

.obj_article_summary .meta {
    color: var(--jies-muted);
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    line-height: 1.5;
}

.obj_article_summary .authors {
    font-weight: 500;
    margin-top: 0.625rem;
}

.obj_article_summary .pages,
.obj_article_summary .published {
    margin-top: 0.2rem;
}

.galleys_links {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    list-style: none;
    margin: 1rem 0 0;
    padding: 0;
}

.galleys_links li {
    margin: 0;
}

.pkp_structure_page .obj_galley_link,
.pkp_structure_page .obj_galley_link.file,
.pkp_structure_page .galleys_links a {
    align-items: center;
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid #9aaebd;
    border-radius: 4px;
    color: #083b66;
    display: inline-flex;
    font-size: 0.8125rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    justify-content: center;
    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
    line-height: 1;
    min-height: 40px;
    padding: 0 14px;
    text-decoration: none;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.pkp_structure_page .obj_galley_link:hover,
.pkp_structure_page .obj_galley_link:focus-visible,
.pkp_structure_page .galleys_links a:hover,
.pkp_structure_page .galleys_links a:focus-visible {
    background: #f4f8fa;
    border-color: #083b66;
    color: #083b66;
}

.page_index_journal .current_issue .obj_article_summary {
    column-gap: 2rem;
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
}

.page_index_journal .current_issue .obj_article_summary .title,
.page_index_journal .current_issue .obj_article_summary .meta {
    grid-column: 1;
}

.page_index_journal .current_issue .obj_article_summary .galleys_links {
    align-self: start;
    grid-column: 2;
    grid-row: 1 / span 2;
    margin: 0;
}

/* Issue and archive pages */
.page_issue > h1,
.page_issue_archive > h1 {
    margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
}

.page_issue .obj_issue_toc > .heading {
    background: var(--jies-soft);
    border-top: 2px solid var(--jies-navy-900);
    margin-bottom: 3rem;
    padding: 2rem;
}

.issues_archive {
    display: grid;
    gap: 2rem;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
}

.issues_archive > li {
    border-top: 2px solid var(--jies-navy-900);
    padding-top: 1.5rem;
}

.obj_issue_summary {
    display: grid;
    gap: 1.5rem;
    grid-template-columns: 150px minmax(0, 1fr);
}

.obj_issue_summary .cover {
    grid-row: 1 / span 2;
    margin: 0;
    width: 150px;
}

.obj_issue_summary .cover img {
    border: 1px solid var(--jies-border);
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
}

.obj_issue_summary h2 {
    align-self: end;
    font-size: 1.35rem;
    margin: 0;
}

.obj_issue_summary h2 a {
    color: var(--jies-navy-950);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.obj_issue_summary h2 a:hover,
.obj_issue_summary h2 a:focus-visible {
    color: var(--jies-blue-700);
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.obj_issue_summary .series {
    color: var(--jies-muted);
    font-family: var(--jies-sans);
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    margin-top: 0.4rem;
}

.obj_issue_summary .description {
    color: var(--jies-muted);
    font-size: 0.92rem;
}

/* Article detail: reading column plus restrained metadata rail */
.page_article .cmp_breadcrumbs {
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.obj_article_details > .page_title {
    color: var(--jies-navy-950);
    font-size: clamp(2rem, 3.2vw, 2.75rem);
    letter-spacing: -0.032em;
    line-height: 1.12;
    margin: 0;
    max-width: 980px;
    padding: 0 0 1.5rem;
}

.obj_article_details > .subtitle {
    color: var(--jies-muted);
    font-size: 1.4rem;
    font-style: italic;
    margin: -0.6rem 0 1.5rem;
    max-width: 900px;
}

.obj_article_details > .row {
    display: grid;
    gap: clamp(3rem, 5vw, 5rem);
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, var(--jies-reading)) 290px;
    justify-content: space-between;
    margin: 0;
}

.obj_article_details > .row::before,
.obj_article_details > .row::after {
    content: none;
    display: none;
}

.obj_article_details .main_entry,
.obj_article_details .entry_details {
    border-left: 0;
    border-right: 0;
    float: none;
    margin: 0;
    min-width: 0;
    padding: 0;
    width: auto;
}

.obj_article_details .main_entry {
    max-width: var(--jies-reading);
}

.obj_article_details .item {
    border: 0;
    margin: 0 0 2.4rem;
    padding: 0;
}

.obj_article_details .main_entry .item > .label,
.obj_article_details .main_entry .label {
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--jies-border);
    color: var(--jies-navy-950);
    font-family: var(--jies-serif);
    font-size: 1.55rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    margin: 0 0 1.15rem;
    padding: 0 0 0.65rem;
}

.obj_article_details .authors {
    border-top: 1px solid var(--jies-border);
    margin: 0 0 2rem;
    padding: 1.4rem 0 0;
}

.obj_article_details ul.authors {
    border: 0;
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 1.15rem 2rem;
    list-style: none;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

.obj_article_details ul.authors > li {
    margin: 0;
    max-width: 340px;
}

.obj_article_details .authors .name {
    color: var(--jies-navy-950);
    display: block;
    font-weight: 700;
}

.obj_article_details .authors .affiliation,
.obj_article_details .authors .userGroup,
.obj_article_details .authors .orcid {
    color: var(--jies-muted);
    display: block;
    font-size: 0.86rem;
    line-height: 1.5;
}

.obj_article_details .abstract,
.obj_article_details .references,
.obj_article_details .author_bios {
    color: #344957;
    font-family: var(--jies-serif);
    font-size: 1.06rem;
    line-height: 1.82;
}

.obj_article_details .abstract p,
.obj_article_details .references p {
    margin-bottom: 1.1rem;
}

.obj_article_details .keywords,
.obj_article_details .doi {
    color: var(--jies-muted);
    font-size: 0.92rem;
}

.obj_article_details .keywords .label,
.obj_article_details .doi .label {
    border: 0;
    display: inline;
    font-family: var(--jies-sans);
    font-size: inherit;
    font-weight: 700;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

.obj_article_details .entry_details {
    align-self: start;
    background: var(--jies-soft);
    border-top: 3px solid var(--jies-navy-900);
    padding: 1.4rem;
}

.obj_article_details .entry_details .item {
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--jies-border);
    margin: 0;
    padding: 1.05rem 0;
}

.obj_article_details .entry_details .item:first-child {
    padding-top: 0;
}

.obj_article_details .entry_details .item:last-child {
    border-bottom: 0;
    padding-bottom: 0;
}

.obj_article_details .entry_details .label {
    color: var(--jies-muted);
    font-family: var(--jies-sans);
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    font-weight: 750;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    margin: 0 0 0.35rem;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.obj_article_details .entry_details .value {
    color: var(--jies-ink);
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    line-height: 1.55;
}

.obj_article_details .entry_details .cover_image img {
    border: 1px solid var(--jies-border);
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
}

.obj_article_details .entry_details .galleys_links {
    margin-top: 0;
}

.obj_article_details .entry_details .obj_galley_link {
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid #9aaebd;
    border-radius: 4px;
    color: #083b66;
    font-size: 0.8125rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
    min-height: 40px;
    padding: 0 14px;
}

.obj_article_details .entry_details .obj_galley_link:hover,
.obj_article_details .entry_details .obj_galley_link:focus-visible {
    background: #f4f8fa;
    border-color: #083b66;
    color: #083b66;
}

.obj_article_details .references .value {
    overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}

/* Informational pages */
.page_about,
.page_submissions,
.page_privacy,
.page_contact,
.page_editorial_masthead,
.page_information {
    max-width: 860px;
}

.page_about > p,
.page_about > div,
.page_submissions > p,
.page_submissions .author_guidelines,
.page_submissions .submission_checklist,
.page_submissions .copyright_notice,
.page_submissions .privacy_statement,
.page_privacy,
.page_contact {
    color: #344957;
    line-height: 1.8;
}

.page_about h2,
.page_submissions h2,
.page_privacy h2,
.page_contact h2,
.page_editorial_masthead h2 {
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--jies-border);
    margin-top: 2.8rem;
    padding-bottom: 0.6rem;
}

.page_submissions .cmp_notification {
    background: var(--jies-soft-blue);
    border: 0;
    border-left: 3px solid var(--jies-blue-700);
    color: var(--jies-ink);
    margin: 0 0 2rem;
    padding: 1.2rem 1.35rem;
}

.page_submissions .submission_checklist ul {
    padding-left: 1.4rem;
}

.page_submissions .submission_checklist li {
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

/* Editorial Board: OJS masthead data in a reader-facing editorial layout */
.page_editorial_board {
    max-width: none;
}

.editorial_board_header {
    margin-bottom: 3rem;
    max-width: 900px;
}

.editorial_board_header h1 {
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--jies-border);
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    padding-bottom: 1.25rem;
}

.editorial_board_intro {
    color: #405463;
    font-size: 1rem;
    line-height: 1.72;
    max-width: 860px;
}

.editorial_board_intro > :last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.editorial_board_group {
    margin-top: 3rem;
}

.editorial_board_group > h2,
.editorial_board_empty > h2 {
    border-top: 2px solid var(--jies-navy-900);
    font-family: var(--jies-sans);
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.1em;
    margin: 0 0 1rem;
    padding-top: 0.9rem;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.editorial_board_grid {
    display: grid;
    gap: 0 2rem;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
    list-style: none;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

.editorial_board_member {
    border-top: 1px solid var(--jies-border);
    margin: 0;
    padding: 1.25rem 0;
}

.editorial_board_member .name {
    color: var(--jies-navy-950);
    font-family: var(--jies-serif);
    font-size: 1.125rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    line-height: 1.35;
}

.editorial_board_member .affiliation,
.editorial_reviewers_intro {
    color: var(--jies-muted);
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    line-height: 1.55;
    margin-top: 0.35rem;
}

.editorial_board_member .orcid {
    display: inline-flex;
    margin-left: 0.35rem;
    vertical-align: middle;
}

.editorial_board_empty {
    max-width: 900px;
}

.editorial_board_empty p {
    border-top: 1px solid var(--jies-border);
    color: var(--jies-muted);
    margin: 0;
    padding: 1.25rem 0;
}

.editorial_history_link {
    border-top: 1px solid var(--jies-border);
    margin-top: 3rem;
    max-width: 900px;
    padding-top: 1.25rem;
}

.editorial_history_link a {
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.editorial_history_link a:hover,
.editorial_history_link a:focus-visible {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

/* Search */
.page_search .cmp_form {
    background: var(--jies-soft);
    border-top: 2px solid var(--jies-navy-900);
    margin: 0 0 3rem;
    padding: 1.7rem;
}

.page_search .search_input input {
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    width: 100%;
}

.page_search .search_advanced {
    border: 0;
    margin: 1.4rem 0;
    padding: 0;
}

.page_search .search_advanced legend {
    color: var(--jies-navy-950);
    font-weight: 700;
    margin-bottom: 0.8rem;
}

.search_results .obj_article_summary {
    padding-bottom: 2rem;
    padding-top: 2rem;
}

/* Forms, login, and registration */
.page_login {
    max-width: 520px;
}

.page_register {
    max-width: 850px;
}

.cmp_form fieldset {
    border: 0;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

.cmp_form .fields > div,
.cmp_form .username,
.cmp_form .password,
.cmp_form .remember,
.cmp_form .optin {
    margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
}

.cmp_form label,
.cmp_form .label {
    color: var(--jies-ink);
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    font-weight: 650;
}

input[type="text"],
input[type="email"],
input[type="password"],
input[type="url"],
input[type="search"],
input[type="tel"],
input[type="number"],
select,
textarea {
    background: var(--jies-white);
    border: 1px solid var(--jies-border-dark);
    border-radius: var(--jies-radius);
    color: var(--jies-ink);
    font-family: var(--jies-sans);
    font-size: 1rem;
    line-height: 1.4;
    margin-top: 0.35rem;
    min-height: 46px;
    padding: 0.65rem 0.75rem;
}

textarea {
    min-height: 140px;
    resize: vertical;
}

input:hover,
select:hover,
textarea:hover {
    border-color: #94a9b8;
}

.cmp_form .buttons {
    align-items: center;
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 1rem;
    margin-top: 1.75rem;
}

.cmp_form .buttons a {
    font-weight: 650;
}

.pkp_form_error,
.cmp_notification.error {
    background: #fff1f0;
    border: 1px solid #d99b96;
    color: #7c2720;
    margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
    padding: 1rem;
}

.cmp_notification.notice,
.cmp_notification.warning {
    background: #fff8e8;
    border: 1px solid #dfc581;
    color: #5f4b19;
    padding: 1rem;
}

/* Pagination and side blocks */
.cmp_pagination {
    border-top: 1px solid var(--jies-border);
    margin-top: 2rem;
    padding-top: 1.5rem;
}

.cmp_pagination .page,
.cmp_pagination a {
    border-radius: 0;
}

.pkp_structure_sidebar .pkp_block {
    border-top: 2px solid var(--jies-navy-900);
    margin: 0 0 2rem;
    padding: 1.1rem 0 0;
}

.pkp_structure_sidebar .title {
    color: var(--jies-navy-950);
    font-family: var(--jies-serif);
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    font-weight: 600;
}

/* Footer */
.pkp_structure_footer_wrapper {
    background: var(--jies-navy-950);
    border: 0;
    color: #d7e3eb;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

.pkp_structure_footer {
    margin: 0 auto;
    max-width: var(--jies-content);
    padding: 3.5rem 0 1.75rem;
    width: calc(100% - 4rem);
}

.jies_footer_grid {
    display: grid;
    gap: 4rem;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.7fr) minmax(160px, 0.55fr) minmax(160px, 0.55fr);
}

.jies_footer_name {
    color: var(--jies-white);
    font-family: var(--jies-serif);
    font-size: 1.65rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    line-height: 1.28;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    max-width: 560px;
}

.jies_footer_description {
    color: #b9cbd7;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    line-height: 1.7;
    max-width: 610px;
}

.jies_footer_site {
    color: var(--jies-white);
    display: inline-block;
    font-size: 0.86rem;
    font-weight: 650;
    margin-top: 1rem;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.jies_footer_site:hover,
.jies_footer_site:focus-visible {
    color: var(--jies-white);
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.jies_footer_heading {
    color: var(--jies-white);
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    font-weight: 750;
    letter-spacing: 0.1em;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.jies_footer_nav ul {
    list-style: none;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

.jies_footer_nav li {
    margin: 0 0 0.55rem;
}

.jies_footer_nav a {
    color: #c6d7e2;
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.jies_footer_nav a:hover,
.jies_footer_nav a:focus-visible {
    color: var(--jies-white);
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.pkp_footer_content {
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.14);
    color: #c6d7e2;
    margin-top: 3rem;
    padding-top: 1.5rem;
}

.jies_footer_base {
    align-items: center;
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.14);
    color: #9fb5c3;
    display: flex;
    font-size: 0.8125rem;
    justify-content: space-between;
    margin-top: 3rem;
    padding-top: 1.5rem;
}

.pkp_brand_footer {
    float: none;
    padding: 0;
}

.pkp_brand_footer img {
    filter: grayscale(1) brightness(2.3);
    max-height: 34px;
    opacity: 0.72;
    width: auto;
}

/* Tablet */
@media (max-width: 1100px) {
    .jies_utility {
        gap: 0.9rem;
    }

    .pkp_navigation_primary > li > a {
        padding-left: 0.75rem;
        padding-right: 0.75rem;
    }

    .pkp_navigation_primary > li::after {
        left: 0.75rem;
        right: 0.75rem;
    }

    .editorial_board_grid {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
    }

    .issues_archive {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
}

/* Mobile navigation breakpoint follows the inherited OJS script */
@media (max-width: 992px) {
    .pkp_structure_head {
        position: relative;
    }

    .jies_masthead_inner {
        min-height: 72px;
        padding-bottom: 0.75rem;
        padding-top: 0.75rem;
    }

    .pkp_head_wrapper {
        max-width: none;
        padding-left: 1.75rem;
        padding-right: 1.75rem;
        width: 100%;
    }

    .pkp_site_name_wrapper {
        width: 100%;
    }

    .pkp_site_name {
        flex: 1 1 auto;
        margin-left: 3.25rem;
        max-width: calc(100% - 3.25rem);
        min-width: 0;
        width: auto;
    }

    .pkp_site_name .is_text {
        font-size: 1.18rem;
        max-width: 100%;
        overflow-wrap: anywhere;
    }

    .pkp_site_nav_toggle {
        background: transparent;
        border: 0;
        color: var(--jies-navy-950);
        display: block;
        height: 42px;
        left: 1.75rem;
        padding: 0;
        position: absolute;
        top: 50%;
        transform: translateY(-50%);
        width: 38px;
    }

    .pkp_site_nav_toggle span {
        font-size: 0;
    }

    .pkp_site_nav_toggle span::before,
    .pkp_site_nav_toggle span::after,
    .pkp_site_nav_toggle::before {
        background: var(--jies-navy-950);
        content: "";
        height: 2px;
        left: 7px;
        position: absolute;
        transition: transform 160ms ease, top 160ms ease, opacity 160ms ease;
        width: 24px;
    }

    .pkp_site_nav_toggle::before {
        top: 12px;
    }

    .pkp_site_nav_toggle span::before {
        top: 20px;
    }

    .pkp_site_nav_toggle span::after {
        top: 28px;
    }

    .pkp_site_nav_toggle--transform::before {
        top: 20px;
        transform: rotate(45deg);
    }

    .pkp_site_nav_toggle--transform span::before {
        opacity: 0;
    }

    .pkp_site_nav_toggle--transform span::after {
        top: 20px;
        transform: rotate(-45deg);
    }

    .jies_utility {
        display: none;
    }

    .pkp_site_nav_menu {
        background: var(--jies-navy-900);
        display: none;
        left: auto;
        padding: 0;
        position: static;
        top: auto;
        width: 100%;
    }

    .pkp_site_nav_menu--isOpen {
        display: block;
    }

    .jies_primary_inner,
    .pkp_navigation_primary_row,
    .pkp_navigation_primary_wrapper,
    .pkp_navigation_primary,
    .pkp_navigation_primary > li {
        align-items: stretch;
        display: block;
        height: auto;
        min-height: 0;
        width: 100%;
    }

    .jies_primary_inner {
        padding-bottom: 1.25rem;
        padding-top: 1rem;
    }

    .pkp_navigation_primary > li > a {
        border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
        display: block;
        height: auto;
        padding: 0.85rem 0;
        white-space: normal;
    }

    .pkp_navigation_primary > li::after {
        display: none;
    }

    .pkp_navigation_primary > li > a:hover,
    .pkp_navigation_primary > li > a:focus-visible {
        border-bottom-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.28);
    }

    .pkp_navigation_primary ul,
    .pkp_navigation_primary ul.dropdown-menu {
        background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.14);
        border: 0;
        box-shadow: none;
        display: block;
        margin: 0;
        min-width: 0;
        padding: 0.3rem 0.8rem;
        position: static;
        transform: none;
        width: 100%;
    }

    .pkp_navigation_primary ul a {
        color: #dce9f1;
        padding: 0.65rem 0;
    }

    .pkp_navigation_primary ul a:hover,
    .pkp_navigation_primary ul a:focus-visible {
        background: transparent;
        color: var(--jies-white);
    }

    .jies_submit_link {
        margin: 1rem 0 0;
    }

    .pkp_navigation_user_wrapper {
        background: var(--jies-navy-950);
        display: block;
        left: auto;
        padding: 0.85rem 1.75rem;
        position: static;
        right: auto;
        top: auto;
    }

    .pkp_navigation_user {
        justify-content: flex-start;
    }

    .pkp_navigation_user > li > a {
        color: #dce9f1;
    }

    .jies_mobile_search {
        border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
        color: #dce9f1;
        display: block !important;
        font-size: 0.86rem;
        font-weight: 650;
        letter-spacing: 0.045em;
        margin-top: 0.25rem;
        padding: 0.85rem 0;
        text-decoration: none;
        text-transform: uppercase;
    }

    .jies_hero {
        gap: 3rem;
        grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 220px;
        min-height: 0;
        padding-bottom: 3.5rem;
        padding-top: 3.5rem;
    }

    .obj_article_details > .row {
        gap: 2.5rem;
        grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 250px;
    }

    .jies_footer_grid {
        gap: 2.5rem;
        grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.5fr) repeat(2, minmax(130px, 0.5fr));
    }
}

@media (max-width: 760px) {
    .pkp_head_wrapper,
    .pkp_structure_content,
    .pkp_structure_footer {
        margin-left: auto;
        margin-right: auto;
        padding-left: 0;
        padding-right: 0;
        width: calc(100% - 2.5rem);
    }

    .page_index_journal > .cmp_announcements,
    .page_index_journal > .current_issue,
    .page_index_journal > .jies_about_home,
    .page_index_journal > .additional_content,
    .page_index_journal > .highlights_wrapper {
        padding-left: 0;
        padding-right: 0;
        width: calc(100% - 2.5rem);
    }

    .pkp_page_index .pkp_structure_content {
        margin: 0;
        width: 100%;
    }

    .pkp_site_nav_toggle {
        left: 1rem;
    }

    .jies_hero {
        display: block;
        padding: 3.5rem 1.25rem;
    }

    .jies_hero::before {
        left: 1.25rem;
    }

    .jies_hero h1 {
        font-size: clamp(2.125rem, 10vw, 2.375rem);
        line-height: 1.1;
    }

    .jies_hero_visual {
        display: block;
        margin: 2rem auto 0;
        max-width: 180px;
    }

    .jies_section_heading {
        align-items: flex-start;
        display: block;
    }

    .jies_section_heading .jies_text_link {
        display: inline-block;
        margin-top: 1rem;
    }

    .current_issue,
    .jies_about_home {
        padding-bottom: 3.5rem;
        padding-top: 3.5rem;
    }

    .jies_about_home {
        display: block;
    }

    .jies_about_content {
        margin-top: 1.5rem;
    }

    .pkp_structure_content {
        display: block;
    }

    .pkp_structure_sidebar {
        padding-top: 0;
        width: 100%;
    }

    .obj_issue_toc .heading,
    .page_issue .obj_issue_toc > .heading {
        display: block;
        padding: 1.25rem;
    }

    .obj_issue_toc .heading .cover {
        margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
        max-width: 190px;
        width: 55%;
    }

    .obj_article_details > .row {
        display: block;
    }

    .page_index_journal .current_issue .obj_article_summary {
        display: block;
    }

    .page_index_journal .current_issue .obj_article_summary .galleys_links {
        margin-top: 0.875rem;
    }

    .obj_article_details .entry_details {
        margin-top: 3rem;
    }

    .obj_article_details .entry_details .cover_image img {
        max-width: 240px;
    }

    .issues_archive {
        display: block;
    }

    .issues_archive > li {
        margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
    }

    .obj_issue_summary {
        grid-template-columns: 115px minmax(0, 1fr);
    }

    .obj_issue_summary .cover {
        width: 115px;
    }

    .editorial_board_grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .jies_footer_grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    }

    .pkp_structure_footer {
        padding-top: 3rem;
    }

    .jies_footer_identity {
        grid-column: 1 / -1;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
    .pkp_site_name .is_text {
        font-size: 1rem;
    }

    .jies_hero_actions,
    .cmp_form .buttons {
        align-items: stretch;
        flex-direction: column;
    }

    .jies_button,
    .cmp_form .buttons button {
        width: 100%;
    }

    .obj_issue_summary {
        display: block;
    }

    .obj_issue_summary .cover {
        margin-bottom: 1rem;
        width: 125px;
    }

    .jies_footer_grid {
        display: block;
    }

    .jies_footer_nav {
        margin-top: 2.2rem;
    }

    .jies_footer_base {
        align-items: flex-start;
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 1rem;
    }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
    html {
        scroll-behavior: auto;
    }

    *,
    *::before,
    *::after {
        scroll-behavior: auto !important;
        transition-duration: 0.01ms !important;
    }
}

@media print {
    .pkp_structure_head,
    .pkp_structure_footer_wrapper,
    .cmp_breadcrumbs,
    .obj_article_details .entry_details .galleys {
        display: none !important;
    }

    .pkp_structure_content,
    .pkp_structure_main,
    .obj_article_details .main_entry {
        display: block;
        margin: 0;
        max-width: none;
        padding: 0;
        width: 100%;
    }

    .obj_article_details > .row {
        display: block;
    }
}